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 |
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| The
3 types of acids used: |
|
| Hydrochloric
acid (otherwise known as HCl): |
|
 |
Description |
| �
A
colourless liquid with an irritating odour |
| �
Fumes
when exposed to air |
| �
Highly
corrosive and can cause serious burns |
|
 |
Uses |
| �
Used
for removing rust |
| �
Used
in preparing many chemical compounds |
| �
Used
in metallurgy and food processing |
| �
Is
secreted in the stomach to aid digestion |
| �
Kill
many microorganisms in the food |
|
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Disadvantages |
| �
Contributes
to the formation of stomach ulcers |
| �
Able
to eat through the tissues that form the lining of the stomach and
adjacent organs |
|
| Nitric
acid (otherwise known as HNO3
): |
|
 |
Description |
| �
A
colourless liquid with a suffocating odour |
| �
Strong
inorganic acid |
| �
Develops
a yellow colour if kept in bottles that are not tightly stoppered |
| �
A
powerful oxidizing agent |
|
 |
Uses
|
| �
Is
used for many industrial purposes |
| �
Is
used to produce fertilizers, explosives, flares and rocket propellants |
| �
Used
to manufacture ammonium nitrate |
| �
Used
to prepare nylon |
| �
Used
to prepare organic compounds that are used as dyes and medicines |
|
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Disadvantages |
| �
Dissolve
metals |
| �
Can
cause painful burns |
|
| Sulphuric
acid (otherwise known as H2SO4) |
|
 |
Description |
| �
A
colourless, dense and oily liquid |
| �
A
strong mineral acid that is extremely corrosive |
|
 |
Uses |
| �
Plays
an important part in manufacturing common items. E.g. car
batteries, iron and paper pulp etc. |
| �
Used
to remove rust |
| �
Used
to manufacture fertilizer and refining of petroleum |
| �
Used
by the chemical industry to produce many kinds of organic chemicals |
|
 |
Disadvantages |
| �
Able
to burn the skin and irritate the lining of the nose, windpipe and
lungs |
| �
Can
dissolve metal |
|
|
| The
3 types of alkalis used: |
|
| Ammonium
Hydroxide (otherwise known as NH4OH): |
|
 |
Description |
| �
The
product of ammonia and water, otherwise know as the solution of
ammonia water |
|
 |
Uses |
| �
Used
in fertilizers |
| �
Neutralizes
acids |
| �
Used
in cleaning liquids |
|
|
|
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Disadvantages |
| �
Lowers
fish`s resistance to bacterial infections |
|
| Sodium
Hydroxide (otherwise known as NaOH) |
|
 |
Description |
| �
A
solid, white material that readily absorbs moisture |
| �
Produces
an extremely corrosive solution called lye |
|
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Uses |
| �
Important
industrial chemical |
| �
Main
ingredient in many commercial drain cleaners and oven cleaners. |
| �
Used
in manufacture of soap and paper |
|
 |
Disadvantages |
| �
Can
severely damage skin |
| �
Can
cause blindness |
|
| Calcium
Hydroxide (otherwise known as Ca(OH)2) |
|
 |
Description |
| �
Formed
by a reaction of calcium oxide and water |
|
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Uses |
| �
Used
in refining of aluminum, copper, and zinc |
| �
Used
in the production of leather to remove animal hide |
| �
Neutralize
the acid in soil |
| �
Prevents
growth of moss |
|
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Disadvantages |
| �
Removes
certain minerals from water |
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